|
Edward Augustus Ackerman (Idaho 1911- Washington 1973) was a noted American geographer and an authority in the management of hydric resources in US. He was member of several committees and advisory groups on management of natural resources, population growth, the environment and conservation. Through his career he placed emphasis on the need of a sustainable management of the natural resources. A key element of Ackerman thinking is the concept of system and the interactions between the people and the nature. According to Ackerman "the objective of Geography is to understand the great system that encompasses the humanity and its environment on Earth's surface".〔White, G. F. (1974), Edward A. Ackerman, 1911–1973. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 64: 297–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1974.tb00979.x〕〔Obituary: Edward A. Ackerman (1911-1973), Donald J. Patton, Geographical Review Vol. 64, No. 1 (Jan., 1974), pp. 150-153, Published by: American Geographical Society〕 ==Biography== Ackerman was born in Ohio and was an orphan. He attended Coeur D’Alene Highschool, in 1930 he was awarded a scholarship to study at Harvard University. During his first term at Harvard his talent was noted by Derwent Whittlesey then the professor of Humane Geography in the Geology and Geography Department at Harvard. Whittlesey became his professor, mentor and promoter, and supervised Ackerman PhD. thesis which he completed in 1939. Upon graduating Ackerman was teacher at Harvard during the period 1940 - 1948.〔 During the Second World War, Ackerman was contracted by the ''Coordinator Of Information'' (COI), a dependency that would be the origin of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) (that latter would be the origin of the CIA).〔Reconstructing Conflict: Integrating War and Post-war Geographies - S. Kirsch C. Flint, Chapter 11 Mapping Intelligence, American Geographers and the Office of Strategic Services and GHQ/SCAP (Tokyo), Trevor Barnes and Jeremy Crampton. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011.330 pages. ISBN 9781409404705〕 From this post he collaborated with the military effort, initially working in the ''Geographic Report Section'' of the Geography Division. Ackerman was responsible for planning and managing the drafting of documents that provided intelligence information on the different geographic areas where the war was taking place, including the assessment of beaches for disembarkments, and even the level of empathy and political and social preferences of the people living in the places where the US Army would be moving through. In 1942 ha was appointed Manager of OSS Topographic Intelligence subdivision of the Europe-African Division. The Geographic Reports he helped to produce, were latter the base of what would be the Joint Army Navy Intelligence Surveys (JANIS) and latter would become the source material for the CIA World Factbook.〔 After Japan was occupied by US in September 1945, Ackerman was commissioned to develop the policies for the development and management of Japan resources; he work on this assignment between 1946 - 1948 as member of the National Resources Committee (NRS). Among the tasks undertaken by the NRS was the redistribution of the agricultural land, given that up to late 1945 Japan's agriculture system was essential a feudal one, with the poor peasants paying a fee for the land they laboured. A third of the agricultural land changed hands as a result of the implementation of the redistribution policy.〔 In the period 1952 - 1954 he was vice general director of the Tennessee Valley Authority, being the director of the programme "Hydric Resources for the Future" (1954 - 1958). From 1958 and until his death he was director of the Carnegie Institute. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Augustus Ackerman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|